Technology & Computer Abbreviations

1,322 abbreviations in 14 subcategories

Hardware, software, networking, the web, programming, file formats, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, telecommunications and cloud computing. Technology produces new abbreviations faster than any other field; entries explain what each technology does and where you will encounter the term.

Computer Hardware Abbreviations

Abbreviations for the physical parts of computers: processors and graphics chips, memory, storage drives and memory cards, expansion buses, ports and display connectors, power supplies, cases, peripherals and server hardware. These terms fill spec sheets, product listings and PC-building guides, and many come in confusing generations (DDR4 versus DDR5, PCIe 4.0 versus 5.0, USB 3.2 Gen 2 versus USB4). Entries explain what each part does, typical numbers and how to tell similar terms apart.

AbbreviationStands for
ARMAdvanced RISC Machines
CPUCentral processing unit
dpiDots per inch
GPUGraphics processing unit
HDDHard disk drive
HDMIHigh-Definition Multimedia Interface
RAMRandom-access memory
ROMRead-only memory
SDSecure Digital
SSDSolid-state drive
USBUniversal Serial Bus
USB-CUniversal Serial Bus Type-C

All 151 computer hardware abbreviations →

Programming Abbreviations

Abbreviations used by software developers: interfaces and tooling (API, SDK, IDE), data formats (JSON, XML, YAML), design principles (DRY, KISS, SOLID), development practices (TDD, CI/CD), version control, language runtimes, computer-science fundamentals and code-review shorthand. Many appear in job ads, documentation and pull-request comments, and some, such as npm and pip, are deliberately playful or recursive names.

AbbreviationStands for
APIApplication programming interface
ASCIIAmerican Standard Code for Information Interchange
BashBourne Again Shell
CIContinuous integration
CI/CDContinuous integration and continuous delivery (or deployment)
CLICommand-line interface
JITJust-in-time
JSONJavaScript Object Notation
OSOperating system
PRPull request
RNGRandom number generator
SQLStructured Query Language

All 154 programming abbreviations →

Consumer Electronics Abbreviations

Abbreviations printed on TV boxes, store shelves and spec sheets for televisions and monitors, video resolutions and broadcast standards, home audio, headphones, cameras, virtual and augmented reality headsets, discs and tapes, batteries and chargers. Display terms such as 4K, HDR and OLED describe resolution, brightness range and panel technology, while audio terms such as ANC and TWS describe how headphones work. Entries explain what each label means in practice and where marketing names differ from the underlying technology.

AbbreviationStands for
1080p1080 progressive scan
4K4K resolution
8K8K resolution
ANCActive noise cancellation
ARAugmented reality
AUXAuxiliary input
CDCompact Disc
DVDDigital Versatile Disc
HDHigh definition
LEDLight-emitting diode
TVTelevision
VRVirtual reality

All 104 consumer electronics abbreviations →

File Format Abbreviations

File extensions and format names for images, audio, video, documents, spreadsheets, archives, e-books, installers, fonts, 3D models and data exchange. Entries give the developer, the year of introduction, typical uses and whether the format compresses data losslessly or lossily, so you can choose the right format and know which program opens a file. Extensions are usually lowercase in file names (.pdf, .jpg) but written in capitals in ordinary text.

AbbreviationStands for
CSVComma-separated values
DOCXOffice Open XML Word document
EXEExecutable file
GIFGraphics Interchange Format
JPEGJoint Photographic Experts Group
JPGJPEG image file
MP3MPEG-1 Audio Layer III
MP4MPEG-4 Part 14
PDFPortable Document Format
PNGPortable Network Graphics
PPTXOffice Open XML presentation
ZIPZIP archive

All 125 file format abbreviations →

Networking Abbreviations

Abbreviations from computer networking: internet protocols (IP, TCP, UDP, HTTP), addressing and naming (DNS, DHCP, NAT), network types (LAN, WAN, VPN), routing and switching (BGP, OSPF, VLAN, MPLS), Wi-Fi security, and email and file-transfer protocols. Most protocol names are defined in IETF Request for Comments (RFC) documents or IEEE 802 standards, and engineers usually pronounce them letter by letter.

AbbreviationStands for
DMZDemilitarized zone
DNSDomain Name System
HTTPHypertext Transfer Protocol
HTTPSHypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
IPInternet Protocol
IPv4Internet Protocol version 4
IPv6Internet Protocol version 6
ISPInternet service provider
LANLocal area network
TCPTransmission Control Protocol
VPNVirtual private network
WANWide area network

All 113 networking abbreviations →

Telecom Abbreviations

Abbreviations from mobile phones and telecommunications: text and multimedia messaging, cellular generations and standards, SIM cards and device identifiers, carriers and network equipment, landline telephony, broadband over copper, cable, fiber and satellite, Wi-Fi generations, short-range wireless and satellite positioning. Most cellular standards are written by 3GPP and approved through the International Telecommunication Union, while Wi-Fi standards come from the IEEE 802.11 working group. Entries explain what each term means for phone and internet users as well as for engineers.

AbbreviationStands for
3GThird generation of mobile telephony
4GFourth generation of mobile telephony
5GFifth generation of mobile telephony
AMAmplitude modulation
DSLDigital subscriber line
eSIMEmbedded SIM
FMFrequency modulation
GPSGlobal Positioning System
GSMGlobal System for Mobile Communications
SIMSubscriber Identity Module
SMSShort Message Service
Wi-FiWi-Fi (wireless local area networking based on IEEE 802.11)

All 114 telecom abbreviations →

Cybersecurity Abbreviations

Abbreviations from information security: authentication (2FA, MFA, SSO), attack types (DDoS, XSS, SQLi), vulnerability tracking (CVE, CVSS), security operations tools (SIEM, EDR, SOC), cryptography (AES, RSA, TLS), access-control models, compliance frameworks and professional certifications. Security vendors coin new acronyms frequently, so entries explain how similar-sounding categories such as EDR, XDR and MDR differ.

AbbreviationStands for
2FATwo-factor authentication
AESAdvanced Encryption Standard
APTAdvanced persistent threat
AVAntivirus
BYODBring your own device
C2Command and control
CAPTCHACompletely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart
CISOChief information security officer
CISSPCertified Information Systems Security Professional
DDoSDistributed denial of service
MFAMulti-factor authentication
SSLSecure Sockets Layer

All 119 cybersecurity abbreviations →

Computer Abbreviations

General computing abbreviations covering operating systems, user interfaces, firmware and the boot process, character encoding, keyboard keys, file systems, command-line tools and IT administration. Many date from the personal-computer era of the 1970s to 1990s and still appear in system menus, error messages, help-desk tickets and job listings. Entries explain what each term means in practice and how it differs from look-alike abbreviations used elsewhere.

AbbreviationStands for
ASCIIAmerican Standard Code for Information Interchange
BIOSBasic Input/Output System
BSODBlue Screen of Death
CADComputer-aided design
CtrlControl key
Ctrl+Alt+DelControl-Alt-Delete
GUIGraphical user interface
ITInformation technology
MacMacintosh
OSOperating system
PCPersonal computer
UIUser interface

All 92 computer abbreviations →

Artificial Intelligence Abbreviations

Abbreviations from artificial intelligence and machine learning: core fields (AI, ML, NLP, computer vision), model architectures (CNN, RNN, GAN and transformer models such as GPT and BERT), training methods (RLHF, LoRA, SFT), evaluation metrics and the tools used to build and deploy models. Several abbreviations, such as CV, LDA and ANN, have two different meanings within machine learning itself, and each entry explains how to tell them apart.

AbbreviationStands for
AGIArtificial general intelligence
AIArtificial intelligence
AUCArea under the curve
CNNConvolutional neural network
CUDACompute Unified Device Architecture
CVComputer vision
DLDeep learning
GANGenerative adversarial network
GPTGenerative pre-trained transformer
LLMLarge language model
MLMachine learning
NLPNatural language processing

All 103 artificial intelligence abbreviations →

Internet & Web Abbreviations

Abbreviations from the World Wide Web and web development: addresses and domains (URL, TLD), markup and styling languages (HTML, CSS), browser technologies (DOM, AJAX, WebRTC), rendering approaches (SPA, SSR, SSG), performance metrics such as Core Web Vitals, accessibility standards, and the bodies that publish web standards, such as the W3C and WHATWG.

AbbreviationStands for
.comCommercial (top-level domain)
.eduEducation (top-level domain)
.govGovernment (top-level domain)
.netNetwork (top-level domain)
.orgOrganization (top-level domain)
a11yAccessibility
AJAXAsynchronous JavaScript and XML
CSSCascading Style Sheets
HTMLHyperText Markup Language
JSJavaScript
URLUniform Resource Locator
WWWWorld Wide Web

All 76 Internet & web abbreviations →

Software Abbreviations

Abbreviations for software licensing, open-source and source-available licenses, release stages, support lifecycles, package management, app platforms and widely used applications. These terms appear in license agreements, release notes, app stores and IT procurement documents. Knowing the difference between a GPL and an MIT license, or between an RC build and a GA release, matters to anyone who ships, buys or maintains software.

AbbreviationStands for
BSDBerkeley Software Distribution
CCCreative Commons
DAWDigital audio workstation
DLLDynamic-link library
DRMDigital rights management
EOLEnd of life
EULAEnd-user license agreement
FOSSFree and open-source software
GAGeneral availability
GIMPGNU Image Manipulation Program
GNUGNU's Not Unix
OEMOriginal equipment manufacturer

All 70 software abbreviations →

Cryptocurrency & Blockchain Abbreviations

Abbreviations from cryptocurrency and blockchain technology: coin and token tickers (BTC, ETH), consensus mechanisms (PoW, PoS), decentralized finance (DeFi, DEX, AMM), token standards, regulation, and the trading slang of crypto communities (HODL, FUD, DYOR). Prices and rankings change quickly, so entries explain what each term means rather than quoting current figures; nothing here is investment advice.

AbbreviationStands for
ATHAll-time high
BTCBitcoin
CBDCCentral bank digital currency
DAODecentralized autonomous organization
DCADollar-cost averaging
DeFiDecentralized finance
DYORDo your own research
ETHEther
FUDFear, uncertainty and doubt
KYCKnow your customer
NFTNon-fungible token
PFPProfile picture

All 74 cryptocurrency & blockchain abbreviations →

Cloud Computing Abbreviations

Abbreviations from cloud computing and operations: service models (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS), service names from AWS, Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure and Oracle, virtualization and containers (VM, K8s), reliability targets (SLA, SLO, RTO) and infrastructure practices such as IaC and DevOps. Provider service names change over time, so entries note renamings where relevant.

AbbreviationStands for
AWSAmazon Web Services
DevOpsDevelopment and operations
EC2Elastic Compute Cloud
GCPGoogle Cloud Platform
IaaSInfrastructure as a service
IaCInfrastructure as code
K8sKubernetes
PaaSPlatform as a service
S3Simple Storage Service
SaaSSoftware as a service
SLAService-level agreement
VMVirtual machine

All 63 cloud computing abbreviations →

Data & Database Abbreviations

Abbreviations from databases, data engineering and analytics: database types and guarantees (RDBMS, ACID), SQL sublanguages and keys, data pipelines (ETL, ELT, CDC), warehousing and business intelligence (DWH, OLAP, BI) and big-data tools. These terms appear constantly in data-engineering job descriptions, database documentation and analytics platform comparisons.

AbbreviationStands for
3NFThird normal form
ACIDAtomicity, consistency, isolation, durability
BIBusiness intelligence
BLOBBinary large object
CAPConsistency, availability, partition tolerance (CAP theorem)
CDCChange data capture
CTECommon table expression
DAGDirected acyclic graph
DBDatabase
DWHData warehouse
ETLExtract, transform, load
RDBMSRelational database management system

All 53 data & database abbreviations →