Common Abbreviations
540 abbreviations in 11 subcategories
Everyday abbreviations used in English writing: Latin abbreviations such as e.g., i.e. and etc., titles and honorifics, email and office shorthand, dictionary and grammar labels, and citation abbreviations. Entries note punctuation and style conventions in American and British English.
- Everyday
- Grammar and Dictionary
- Email and Office
- Classified Ad
- Latin
- Title and Honorific
- Citation and Bibliography
- Mail and Postal
- Proofreading and Correction Mark
- Genealogy
- Given Name
Everyday Abbreviations
Everyday abbreviations turn up on price tags, forms, menus, invitations, road signs and quick notes: approx., incl., qty, w/, DOB, BYOB and many more. Most are informal and fine in notes, labels and casual writing, but style guides such as AP and Chicago recommend spelling the words out in formal prose. Several have more than one meaning (est., temp., b/w), so the surrounding context, such as a price tag versus a weather report, decides which is intended.
| Abbreviation | Stands for |
|---|---|
| ad | Advertisement |
| aka | Also known as |
| approx. | Approximately |
| avg | Average |
| BBQ | Barbecue |
| DIY | Do it yourself |
| FAQ | Frequently asked questions |
| ID | Identification |
| No. | Number |
| OK | All correct (from the joke spelling "oll korrect") |
| PIN | Personal identification number |
| VIP | Very important person |
All 82 everyday abbreviations →
Grammar and Dictionary Abbreviations
Dictionaries, grammars and language textbooks rely on compact labels: part-of-speech tags such as n., v., adj. and adv., usage and register labels such as colloq., obs. and derog., grammatical terms such as pl., pp. and nom., and etymology labels such as OE, Lat. and Gk. Conventions vary between publishers, so a label printed in full in one dictionary may be abbreviated in another, and the front matter of each dictionary lists the abbreviations it uses. Linguists use a further set of standardized labels (SG, NOM, NP, IPA) in academic description.
| Abbreviation | Stands for |
|---|---|
| abbr. | Abbreviation |
| adj. | Adjective |
| adv. | Adverb |
| ant. | Antonym |
| arch. | Archaic |
| Brit. | British |
| colloq. | Colloquial |
| IPA | International Phonetic Alphabet |
| n. | Noun |
| OED | Oxford English Dictionary |
| pl. | Plural |
| v. | Verb |
All 93 grammar and dictionary abbreviations →
Email and Office Abbreviations
Email and office abbreviations are the shorthand of workplace communication: deadlines (EOD, COB, NLT), availability (OOO, WFH, PTO), email mechanics (CC, BCC, RE, Fwd) and meeting jargon (AOB, 1:1, MoM). Many are regional, with COP and w/c common in Britain and PFA or WFO in India, so a term that is routine in one office can puzzle readers elsewhere. Spelling out an abbreviation on first use, or giving an exact time instead of EOD, avoids misunderstandings with clients and new colleagues.
| Abbreviation | Stands for |
|---|---|
| ASAP | As soon as possible |
| BCC | Blind carbon copy |
| CC | Carbon copy |
| COB | Close of business |
| EOD | End of day |
| ETA | Estimated time of arrival |
| Fwd | Forward |
| FYI | For your information |
| N/A | Not applicable |
| PTO | Paid time off |
| RSVP | Répondez s'il vous plaît (please reply) |
| TBD | To be determined |
All 60 email and office abbreviations →
Classified Ad Abbreviations
Classified ads, rental listings and online marketplaces developed a dense shorthand because newspapers once charged by the word or line: 2BR/1BA, W/D, OBO and NIB pack a lot of information into a few characters. The same conventions now appear on Craigslist, Facebook Marketplace, eBay, resale apps and job boards. Read them carefully, since terms like OBO, ONO and FCFS set expectations about price and pickup, and condition codes such as NWT and EUC are graded by the seller rather than by any independent standard.
| Abbreviation | Stands for |
|---|---|
| A/C | Air conditioning |
| avail. | Available |
| BA | Bathroom |
| BR | Bedroom |
| EOE | Equal opportunity employer |
| EUC | Excellent used condition |
| FCFS | First come, first served |
| FS | For sale |
| FSBO | For sale by owner |
| FT | Full-time |
| OBO | Or best offer |
| XL | Extra large |
All 70 classified ad abbreviations →
Latin Abbreviations
Latin abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., etc. and et al. are part of everyday English writing, while others (ibid., op. cit., q.v.) belong to scholarly footnotes, and a few survive only on coins, prints, gravestones and old business letters. American English normally writes them lowercase with periods (e.g., i.e.), while British style often drops the periods (eg, ie). Most style guides treat the common ones as naturalized English, set them in roman rather than italic type, and prefer to keep e.g., i.e. and etc. inside parentheses, notes and lists in formal prose.
| Abbreviation | Stands for |
|---|---|
| a.m. | Ante meridiem (before midday) |
| AD | Anno Domini (in the year of the Lord) |
| c. | Circa (around, approximately) |
| cf. | Confer (compare) |
| CV | Curriculum vitae (course of life) |
| e.g. | Exempli gratia (for example) |
| etc. | Et cetera (and the rest) |
| i.e. | Id est (that is) |
| p.m. | Post meridiem (after midday) |
| P.S. | Post scriptum (postscript) |
| R.I.P. | Requiescat in pace (may he or she rest in peace) |
| vs. | Versus (against) |
Title and Honorific Abbreviations
Courtesy titles, honorifics and official titles such as Mr., Mrs., Ms., Dr., Gov. and Sen. go before a name, while suffixes and post-nominal letters such as Jr., Esq. and OBE follow it. American English puts a period after abbreviated titles (Mr., Dr.), whereas British English normally omits it when the abbreviation ends with the last letter of the full word (Mr, Dr, Cllr). News style guides such as AP abbreviate some titles before a full name (Gov., Sen., Rep.) and spell others out, and forms of address in speech and on envelopes follow their own conventions, noted on each page.
| Abbreviation | Stands for |
|---|---|
| Assoc. | Associate |
| Dr. | Doctor |
| Esq. | Esquire |
| Gov. | Governor |
| Jr. | Junior |
| Mr. | Mister |
| Mrs. | Missus (originally Mistress) |
| Ms. | Ms. (title for a woman regardless of marital status) |
| Prof. | Professor |
| Rep. | Representative |
| Sen. | Senator |
| Sr. | Senior (job level) |
All 54 title and honorific abbreviations →
Citation and Bibliography Abbreviations
Citation and bibliography abbreviations identify the parts of a source (vol., no., p., ch.), the people responsible for it (ed., trans., comp.) and information that is missing (n.d., n.p.). The major style guides treat them differently: MLA spells out many roles ("edited by"), APA writes (Ed.) and uses p. and pp. in parenthetical citations, and Chicago keeps the traditional short forms in notes. Standard identifiers such as ISBN, ISSN and DOI, and the names of the style guides themselves, are also covered here.
| Abbreviation | Stands for |
|---|---|
| AP | Associated Press Stylebook |
| APA | American Psychological Association (style) |
| ARC | Advance reader copy |
| DOI | Digital Object Identifier |
| ed. | Edition |
| fig. | Figure |
| ISBN | International Standard Book Number |
| MLA | Modern Language Association (style) |
| No. | Number |
| p. | Page |
| pp. | Pages |
| vol. | Volume |
All 58 citation and bibliography abbreviations →
Mail and Postal Abbreviations
Mail and postal abbreviations appear on envelopes, packages, forms and order pages: c/o and Attn route a letter to the right person, SASE and IRC prepay a reply, CMRRR proves delivery, and APO, FPO and BFPO address military mail overseas. US Postal Service conventions favor capital letters without periods in the address block, while British usage has its own equivalents such as FAO, SAE and P&P. State codes and street-address abbreviations such as St and Ave are covered on their own pages.
| Abbreviation | Stands for |
|---|---|
| APO | Army Post Office |
| Attn | Attention |
| BFPO | British Forces Post Office |
| c/o | Care of |
| CMRRR | Certified Mail, Return Receipt Requested |
| COA | Change of address |
| FPO | Fleet Post Office |
| PO | Post office |
| RTS | Return to sender |
| S&H | Shipping and handling |
| SASE | Self-addressed stamped envelope |
| ZIP | Zone Improvement Plan |
All 35 mail and postal abbreviations →
Proofreading and Correction Mark Abbreviations
Proofreaders' marks are the shorthand editors write in the margins of typeset proofs, such as lc (lowercase), tr (transpose) and TK (to come), while correction abbreviations such as awk, frag and CS are what teachers write on student essays. Both systems pair a mark in the text, which locates the problem, with an abbreviation in the margin that explains it. Publishers' charts, including those in the Chicago Manual of Style and British Standard BS 5261, standardize the proofreading marks; grading abbreviations vary from teacher to teacher and handbook to handbook.
| Abbreviation | Stands for |
|---|---|
| agr | Agreement error |
| awk | Awkward |
| caps | Capitals |
| CS | Comma splice |
| DM | Dangling modifier |
| frag | Sentence fragment |
| ital | Italics |
| lc | Lowercase |
| RO | Run-on sentence |
| sp | Spelling error |
| TK | To come |
| tr | Transpose |
All 29 proofreading and correction mark abbreviations →
Genealogy Abbreviations
Genealogists, family historians and peerage reference works use a compact set of abbreviations for life events (b., d., m., bur.), relationships (dau., wid., 1C1R) and uncertain dates (abt, bef., aft., bet.). Several are Latin, such as ob., s.p. and d.s.p., inherited from older pedigrees and church monuments. The GEDCOM file standard uses similar tags, so the same shorthand appears in family-tree software and online genealogy databases.
| Abbreviation | Stands for |
|---|---|
| 1C1R | First cousin once removed |
| ABT | About |
| b. | Born |
| bap. | Baptized |
| bur. | Buried |
| d. | Died |
| dau. | Daughter |
| dec'd | Deceased |
| do. | Ditto |
| GEDCOM | Genealogical Data Communication |
| m. | Married |
| MRCA | Most recent common ancestor |
All 29 genealogy abbreviations →
Given Name Abbreviations
Old documents such as wills, deeds, census returns, ship manifests and parish registers routinely shorten common first names: Wm. for William, Chas. for Charles, Jas. for James, Jno. for John. Clerks used contractions, keeping the first and last letters and often raising the end above the line, or simple truncations, and the forms persisted in signatures and company names into the 20th century. Misreading them, for example confusing Jas. with Jos., is a common source of errors in transcriptions and genealogical indexes.
| Abbreviation | Stands for |
|---|---|
| Benj. | Benjamin |
| Chas. | Charles |
| Edw. | Edward |
| Eliz. | Elizabeth |
| Geo. | George |
| Jas. | James |
| Jno. | John |
| Jos. | Joseph |
| Richd. | Richard |
| Robt. | Robert |
| Thos. | Thomas |
| Wm. | William |