ND
Abbreviation with 6 meanings
| Stands for | North Dakota |
|---|---|
| Meanings | 6 |
| Categories | Geography & Places, Writing & Everyday, Education & Academia, Science & Engineering, Military |
| Also written | n.d., Nd |
ND has six meanings. The most common are North Dakota (US state) and No date (citation and bibliography); it can also stand for University of Notre Dame, Neodymium, Navy Diver and Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine.
Meanings of ND at a glance
| # | ND stands for | Context |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | North Dakota | Geography & Places › US State |
| 2 | No date | Writing & Everyday › Citation and Bibliography |
| 3 | University of Notre Dame | Education & Academia › University |
| 4 | Neodymium | Science & Engineering › Chemical Element |
| 5 | Navy Diver | Military › US Navy and Coast Guard Rating |
| 6 | Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine | Education & Academia › Degree |
1. North Dakota
Geography & Places · US State Abbreviations
Admitted on November 2, 1889, the same day as South Dakota, and listed as the 39th state because it comes first alphabetically. Bismarck is the capital and Fargo the largest city, and oil from the Bakken formation made it the second-largest crude producer among the states in the 2010s.
Example: Rig workers flooded into Williston, ND during the shale oil boom.
AP uses N.D.; older and Government Publishing Office style is N. Dak. ND entered use with the 1963 list. In bibliographies n.d. means no date, and Notre Dame is often shortened to ND. The International Peace Garden on the Manitoba border gives the Peace Garden State its nickname.
2. No date (n.d.)
Writing & Everyday · Citation and Bibliography Abbreviations
Replaces the publication date in a citation when a source gives none, common with web pages, undated pamphlets and older documents. APA, MLA and Chicago all use it.
Example: According to the museum's website (Smithsonian Institution, n.d.), the exhibit opens in spring.
In APA, a retrieval date may be added for undated online pages that change over time. An estimated date can be bracketed with circa, as in [ca. 1890], when evidence suggests one. Lowercase with periods is standard, capitalized at the start of a reference element. It is unrelated to ND, the postal code for North Dakota.
3. University of Notre Dame
Education & Academia · University Abbreviations
Catholic research university near South Bend, Indiana, founded in 1842 by Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of Holy Cross. Its Fighting Irish football team is independent of any conference and has had a national television contract with NBC since 1991.
Example: The Golden Dome at ND is visible from miles away on game days.
Notre Dame's other sports compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference. The "Touchdown Jesus" mural on the Hesburgh Library overlooks the football stadium. ND is also the postal abbreviation for North Dakota and stands for Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine.
4. Neodymium (Nd)
Science & Engineering · Chemical Element Abbreviations
The strongest permanent magnets on the market, found in electric vehicle motors, wind turbine generators, hard drives, speakers and earbuds, are made from an alloy of neodymium (element 60), iron and boron. Neodymium-doped crystals also form the gain medium of common high-power lasers.
Example: Supply worries about Nd grew as automakers moved to permanent-magnet motors for electric vehicles.
Carl Auer von Welsbach separated neodymium from didymium in 1885; the name means "new twin" in Greek (neos didymos). NdFeB magnets were developed independently in the early 1980s by Sumitomo Special Metals in Japan and General Motors in the United States. Nd:YAG lasers, using neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet, are standard in industry, research and medicine.
5. Navy Diver
Military · US Navy and Coast Guard Rating Abbreviations
Military divers who perform salvage, underwater ship repair, search and recovery, and support for special operations and explosive ordnance disposal teams, using both scuba and surface-supplied deep-diving equipment.
Example: ND1 Cruz led the dive team that recovered the aircraft's flight recorder.
Divers train at the Naval Diving and Salvage Training Center in Panama City, Florida, one of the most physically demanding courses in the Navy. Navy divers helped recover wreckage after high-profile crashes and raised parts of USS Monitor from the seabed. In geography, ND abbreviates North Dakota.
6. Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine
Education & Academia · Degree Abbreviations
Degree awarded by four-year naturopathic medical schools accredited by the Council on Naturopathic Medical Education (CNME), emphasizing nutrition, botanical remedies and lifestyle counseling. Naturopathic doctors are licensed in fewer than half of US states, and their scope of practice varies widely.
Example: Licensed in Oregon, Dr. Hale, ND, focuses on nutrition and lifestyle medicine.
Also written NMD in Arizona. Licensed graduates take the NPLEX exams. Mainstream medical organizations criticize many naturopathic treatments as lacking scientific evidence, and in unlicensed states people without accredited degrees may also call themselves naturopaths. Outside health care ND means North Dakota or Notre Dame.
Related abbreviations
More US state abbreviations
- MO – Missouri
- MS – Mississippi
- MT – Montana
- NC – North Carolina
- NE – Nebraska
- NH – New Hampshire
- NJ – New Jersey
- NM – New Mexico
See all 51 US state abbreviations →