RTG

Science & Engineering abbreviation · Astronomy & Space

RTG
Stands forRadioisotope thermoelectric generator
CategoriesScience & Engineering

RTG stands for Radioisotope thermoelectric generator, an astronomy & Space abbreviation.

Power source that converts heat from the radioactive decay of plutonium-238 into electricity using thermocouples, with no moving parts. RTGs power spacecraft too far from the Sun or in too dusty a place for solar panels, such as Voyager, Cassini, New Horizons and the Curiosity and Perseverance rovers.

Example: Voyager 1's RTGs, launched in 1977, still supply a dwindling amount of power.

Usage notes

RTGs exploit the Seebeck effect, in which a temperature difference across two different conductors generates voltage. Output declines slowly as the plutonium decays, with a half-life of 87.7 years, and as thermocouples degrade. The Soviet Union also used RTGs to power remote lighthouses in the Arctic.

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